What to do when run over: A cyclist’s guide to handling vehicle accidents
Being run over by a vehicle as a cyclist is a terrifying experience that can happen in seconds. After recently going through this myself, I want to share the essential steps every cyclist should know to protect their health, legal rights, and financial interests when the unthinkable happens.
This guide covers the immediate aftermath of a cycling accident with a vehicle, focusing on the German legal system but with principles that apply broadly.
Step 1: Immediate Safety and Emergency Response
The very first priority is securing the accident scene. Your safety comes before anything else, even if you feel okay initially. If you are able to move, try to get yourself and your bike out of traffic. If you suspect serious injuries, do not attempt to move. Instead, ask bystanders to help direct traffic around you, switch on your phone’s flashlight or your bike lights to make yourself more visible, and, if available, have someone place a warning triangle behind the scene.
Next, call emergency services by dialing 112. An ambulance should always be requested if you were carrying any significant speed during the crash, even if you believe you are uninjured. Adrenaline often masks symptoms, and head or internal injuries can appear hours or even days later. When speaking with the dispatcher, follow the W-questions: state your exact location, briefly describe what happened, indicate how many people are involved, describe the injuries you can see, and remain on the line until you are explicitly dismissed.
While waiting for help, start documenting what happened while your memory is still fresh. Take photos of the scene, the vehicles involved, and your damaged bike. Write down the exact time and weather conditions. Record the license plate of the other vehicle and make sure to collect names and contact information from witnesses before they leave.
Step 2: Police Documentation
In Germany, you should always call the police (110) when a cyclist is involved in a vehicle accident. Doing so ensures that an official accident report is created and assigned a case number (Aktenzeichen). This report is crucial later for insurance claims, legal proceedings, and establishing liability. It also helps protect you against false claims made by the other party.
The police will document statements from everyone involved, witness testimonies, physical evidence such as measurements, an initial assessment of fault, estimates of property damage, and details of injuries. When speaking to officers, stick carefully to the facts. Avoid admitting fault or speculating about the causes of the accident. Simply describe what happened from your perspective.
Step 3: Medical Documentation
No matter how minor your injuries appear, seek medical attention immediately after the accident. Many cycling injuries, especially to the head, spine, or internal organs, only become apparent hours later. Having medical documentation from the day of the crash is not only vital for your health but also for any future insurance or compensation claims.
When you see a doctor, describe in detail how the accident happened, your speed at impact, and any symptoms you are experiencing, even if they seem minor. Mention pain, dizziness, disorientation, or any loss of consciousness, and point out all the parts of your body that struck the vehicle or the ground. Then, request copies of all medical documents, including emergency room reports, imaging such as X-rays, treatment notes, discharge instructions, and follow-up recommendations. These will be important evidence later.
Step 4: Legal and Insurance Considerations in Germany
Germany’s legal framework is designed to protect cyclists in these situations. Motor vehicle liability insurance is mandatory, which means that even if you were partly at fault, you may still be entitled to compensation under the principle of “Betriebsgefahr”—the idea that driving a car inherently creates risk.
If you were not responsible for the accident, strongly consider hiring a traffic lawyer (Verkehrsanwalt). In many cases, this does not require upfront payment. The driver’s insurance may cover your legal costs if they are found liable, some lawyers work on contingency for clear-cut cases, and legal protection insurance (Rechtsschutzversicherung) often covers fees as well.
A lawyer can negotiate with insurance companies on your behalf, ensure you receive fair compensation, calculate claims for pain and suffering (Schmerzensgeld), secure coverage for lost wages, and handle the replacement of your damaged bicycle. Their involvement often makes the difference between a minimal payout and a proper settlement.
Step 5: Documenting Damages and Losses
Your bicycle should not be ridden again until it has been professionally inspected. Have a qualified bike shop assess the damage in detail, and make sure to document everything with photographs before repairs are carried out. Keep all receipts, whether for repair or replacement, and remember that carbon frames and components can hide structural damage that requires replacement even if it is not visible.
In addition to your bike, account for personal property such as your helmet (which should be replaced immediately if it took any impact), cycling clothing and shoes, electronics like a bike computer or phone, and eyewear. Everything that was damaged should be recorded and valued.
Finally, track all ongoing costs that result from the accident. This may include medical expenses not covered by insurance, lost wages if you cannot work, transportation costs while your bike is unusable, physical therapy, and even psychological counseling if needed. A thorough record will strengthen your claim.
Step 6: Insurance Claims Process
In Germany, you will generally be dealing with the driver’s mandatory motor vehicle liability insurance (Haftpflichtversicherung). Never accept the first settlement offer without legal consultation. Insurance companies often try to minimize payouts, and you are entitled to much more than the replacement of your bicycle. Compensation may cover pain and suffering, lost wages, medical treatment, and long-term impacts.
At the same time, check your own insurance coverage. Personal liability insurance, legal protection insurance, accident insurance, and, of course, health insurance can all play roles in covering costs and ensuring you are not left financially vulnerable.
Step 7: Long-term Considerations
Many cycling injuries evolve over time. Head trauma can lead to delayed headaches, concentration issues, or mood changes. Back and neck injuries may not fully appear until days later. Joints may develop long-term problems from the trauma of impact. Psychological after-effects such as anxiety or fear of returning to traffic are also common but treatable with counseling and gradual exposure.
When you are cleared to return to cycling, consider a professional bike fit to account for any new physical needs. Start with quiet, low-traffic routes to rebuild your confidence, and allow yourself time to recover mentally as well as physically. Some cyclists also choose to invest in better lights, high-visibility clothing, or even a rearview mirror for additional security (albeit not as aerodynamic ;).
Prevention: Reducing Your Risk
Although accidents cannot be eliminated entirely, you can reduce your risk. Visibility is critical: use good lights even during the day, wear bright and contrasting clothing, ride in predictable lines, and make eye contact with drivers whenever possible. Defensive riding is equally important. Assume drivers have not seen you, give vehicles extra space, approach intersections with caution, and avoid lingering in blind spots. Finally, make sure your equipment is ready for emergencies. Always wear a properly fitted helmet, keep your bike well maintained, consider a rearview mirror, and carry a phone in an accessible spot.
Essential Emergency Contacts
Save key numbers in your phone before you need them. In Germany, the ambulance, fire, and emergency medical services can all be reached by dialing 112. The police can be reached at 110 for accident documentation. Keep your health insurance card and policy number accessible, have a family member or close friend listed as an emergency contact, and note down your lawyer’s details if you have legal protection insurance.
Final Thoughts
No cyclist wants to imagine being run over, but having a plan in advance can make the difference between a manageable incident and a life-altering catastrophe. The essentials to remember are simple: always prioritize your immediate safety and health, call emergency services and police even if you feel fine, never face insurance companies alone if you are not at fault, and document everything while it is fresh in your mind.
Being prepared is not paranoia—it is smart cycling. We share the road with vehicles that outweigh us by tons. A little foresight protects not only your body, but also your financial security and legal rights when things go wrong.
Stay safe, and remember: when in doubt, choose the cautious approach. Your health and your rights are worth protecting.
Disclaimer: This guide is based on personal experience and general information about German law and emergency procedures. Always consult qualified legal and medical professionals for advice specific to your situation. Laws and procedures may vary by location.
